How does Art Happen? 225 Art

How does art happen? That is like asking a Dalmatian how it got its configuration of spots- it’s both natural and unpredictable. We can consciously try to breed a new idea to get a certain out come but more likely than not we cannot foresee every turn that art will take. Whether it be to sit down and forge a new creation or to accidently stumble across something that you have produced by mistake can manifest itself as art. Personally I have my art moments when I least expect it, when I get a flash forward of an image of inspiration. However, it is with that image that I try to create something but usually I find my manifestation of what is in my mind to deviate- losing the image in translation from my brain to my fingers. It was during our art session that I really took a closer look, to not only my own art process, but of those around me.

To begin understanding the art process and how it happens we must take a look at the artist as an individual. As I sat in the classroom I observed a few people delve right into the process and begin etching into their zinc palate a picture that they had chosen. Others were found to be at a loss, me included. I also have to note that this form of art in not idyllic for everyone- this must also be taken into consideration when analyzing the process of art. Everyone has their own picture of what art is and others may not be able to work with in the same confines of a medium that suits another artist. Michelangelo preferred to sculpt and was rather vexed when he was commissioned to paint the Sistine Chapel. I heard a great deal of frustration of those around me as they were forming their creation because it not what they wanted, however, they may be able to create something that it more their taste when using other supplies.

Art is also something that can be conscious or unconscious. When the metal piece is sitting right in front of you it is difficult to picture what you want. However, once I began to draw lines I let me hand take over and flow over the metal. The picture was rather unclear, yet I liked what I saw and then began to consciously recreate it on other portions of my canvas. The art teacher that came to show us this form of art, gave each of us a few pictures that she wanted us to use somewhere in our final creation. This was not really what I had in mind and I became a little confused when she took my tool out of my hand and began to etch on my zinc piece. This is what I have never understood about art teachers, how they can tell me that art is different for everyone and yet insist on the way in which it should really be done.

Therefore, everyone’s form of art is different and cannot be defined by one set of rules. This being said, we must also share a point from the viewers of all art. Everyone can see art differently; therefore define the process of art in their own way. One creation may be seen as nothing more than a pile of nothingness which then throws the process of how it was created out the window. While on the other hand someone may see the same pile of art as beautiful and creative. Art can be whatever you want it to be and in the same way created however you want it to, whether it be on accident or purposefully. The outcome can either be carefully calculated by one artist, yet in someone else’s hands it can be created at random with an unpredicted outcome.

Art is beautiful and its creation is tangent on the artist and the interpretation of the viewers. It is the creative process that must contour itself to the artist and not the other way around. Art can be planned like crossing two breeds but it can also be a mutt with the creation of something being born from random mixes of ideas both conscious and unconscious.

How does Art Happen? 225 Art

How does art happen? That is like asking a Dalmatian how it got its configuration of spots- it’s both natural and unpredictable. We can consciously try to breed a new idea to get a certain out come but more likely than not we cannot foresee every turn that art will take. Whether it be to sit down and forge a new creation or to accidently stumble across something that you have produced by mistake can manifest itself as art. Personally I have my art moments when I least expect it, when I get a flash forward of an image of inspiration. However, it is with that image that I try to create something but usually I find my manifestation of what is in my mind to deviate- losing the image in translation from my brain to my fingers. It was during our art session that I really took a closer look, to not only my own art process, but of those around me.

To begin understanding the art process and how it happens we must take a look at the artist as an individual. As I sat in the classroom I observed a few people delve right into the process and begin etching into their zinc palate a picture that they had chosen. Others were found to be at a loss, me included. I also have to note that this form of art in not idyllic for everyone- this must also be taken into consideration when analyzing the process of art. Everyone has their own picture of what art is and others may not be able to work with in the same confines of a medium that suits another artist. Michelangelo preferred to sculpt and was rather vexed when he was commissioned to paint the Sistine Chapel. I heard a great deal of frustration of those around me as they were forming their creation because it not what they wanted, however, they may be able to create something that it more their taste when using other supplies.

Art is also something that can be conscious or unconscious. When the metal piece is sitting right in front of you it is difficult to picture what you want. However, once I began to draw lines I let me hand take over and flow over the metal. The picture was rather unclear, yet I liked what I saw and then began to consciously recreate it on other portions of my canvas. The art teacher that came to show us this form of art, gave each of us a few pictures that she wanted us to use somewhere in our final creation. This was not really what I had in mind and I became a little confused when she took my tool out of my hand and began to etch on my zinc piece. This is what I have never understood about art teachers, how they can tell me that art is different for everyone and yet insist on the way in which it should really be done.

Therefore, everyone’s form of art is different and cannot be defined by one set of rules. This being said, we must also share a point from the viewers of all art. Everyone can see art differently; therefore define the process of art in their own way. One creation may be seen as nothing more than a pile of nothingness which then throws the process of how it was created out the window. While on the other hand someone may see the same pile of art as beautiful and creative. Art can be whatever you want it to be and in the same way created however you want it to, whether it be on accident or purposefully. The outcome can either be carefully calculated by one artist, yet in someone else’s hands it can be created at random with an unpredicted outcome.

Art is beautiful and its creation is tangent on the artist and the interpretation of the viewers. It is the creative process that must contour itself to the artist and not the other way around. Art can be planned like crossing two breeds but it can also be a mutt with the creation of something being born from random mixes of ideas both conscious and unconscious.

theo 314-

Stepping into Rome’s world has changed my perspective on many things as well as opened my eyes to the diversity that I thought I already knew. Upon arriving in Italy we are given a brief rundown of what to expect the next eight weeks including classes, metros, trains, as well as the people we may be encountering. Right off the bat we are told to ignore strangers that come up to us, those that try to sell us things, people who beg, those that offer tricks, or roses and give them a curt “No Grazie.” Of course we do not get the full meaning of what is being said to us during our orientation until we finally step out of Casa Messiana and into the bustling city of Rome. It is here is the city that we realize that Rome has more to teach us than just what we learn in class or memorizing facts and dates. It is here that we learn firsthand about others such as Gypsies, North Africans, and Jews.

                After our first few weeks here in Rome our fervent “no grazie” began to die down as we realize we could just walk away and not make eye contact with anyone that looked like they would begin talking to us. This is when I really began to see the response that other people began to have. The looks of disgust or indifference are the usual face that is pasted on metro riders or travelers in the train station.  A few weeks ago I began to realize that I had become one of those people that had started to become calloused and hardened against the fast paced city, with the mindset of lookout for yourself and forget about the rest. However, I realized while racing through Termini one day that that is not who I want to be – I do not want to be that person who cuts down everyone in front of me to get to my destination the quickest, I do not want to be that person who gives the lady on the corner begging for money a snide comment and a disgusted face, nor do I want to be that person that loses compassion for others around her. To lose that compassion in a way heightens my reaction to judge someone- making a decision of whether or not they are doing what I would condone. However, I cannot judge another person because I have not walked in their shoes. It is not my place to pass judgment on those that walk by with a baby in one hand and a cup in another hand that is outstretched.

                Although, we have been given more information about the people who live in Italy as Gypsies, about those that are from Africa and live under the Mafia’s control, and the Jews that were once housed in ghettos I still feel at a loss. I do not know what to make of the information that states that “Legalized” gypsies can share in the benefits of being an Italian citizen but with certain stipulations. At the same time we hear that people are leaving their homelands such as parts of North Africa in an attempt to escape the squalor and poor living conditions, coming to Italy to find a better home. However, it is at this most desperate time that people are taken advantage of and tricked into a slavery that keeps them still at a lower status of the social system that exists today. The cycle then is perpetuated over generations and as we witnessed in Naples children are being taught at a very young age to work. Their work begins with setting onto their faces a look that will melt your heart and make you reach into your wallet and give them money because it looks like they could use food or new clothes. However, if by giving them money, are we making it acceptable for them to continue this lifestyle of reliance and not actually finding “real” jobs.

            Throughout our classes and tours throughout Venice and Trastavere we have seen ghettos that reflect a time when Jews were persecuted and put aside in society. We have been told about the reaction to their religion and the way they were used as an example to the rest of the world because of their disbelief in Jesus. In the same way, the stigma that has followed the Jews has followed the Gypsies and North Africans in Italy.                  

                America is experiencing a parallel situation except it is with the Mexican/Hispanic culture. It is easy to be removed from the gypsy and African debate because we are leaving Italy in less than two weeks. However, this prejudice and mindset of keeping people at bay is everywhere. It is especially apparent in America where there are a huge number of international people that are vying for citizenship, work, or a better life.

            In my opinion everything has to start somewhere. My plan of attack, as of right now, is to do what I can as one person. It may be small and insignificant but if I am able to help one person in a small way then I have made a step closer to ending a larger part of suffering. I believe that with one gesture we can make an example and show others that it is okay to show compassion to those standing on the sidewalk trying to get you to buy things. It is okay to show the gypsy who is begging compassion. Everyone needs a chance to be understood and cared for regardless of who or what they are.

Theo 314

Stepping into Rome’s world has changed my perspective on many things as well as opened my eyes to the diversity that I thought I already knew. Upon arriving in Italy we are given a brief rundown of what to expect the next eight weeks including classes, metros, trains, as well as the people we may be encountering. Right off the bat we are told to ignore strangers that come up to us, those that try to sell us things, people who beg, those that offer tricks, or roses and give them a curt “No Grazie.” Of course we do not get the full meaning of what is being said to us during our orientation until we finally step out of Casa Messiana and into the bustling city of Rome. It is here is the city that we realize that Rome has more to teach us than just what we learn in class or memorizing facts and dates. It is here that we learn firsthand about others such as Gypsies, North Africans, and Jews.

                After our first few weeks here in Rome our fervent “no grazie” began to die down as we realize we could just walk away and not make eye contact with anyone that looked like they would begin talking to us. This is when I really began to see the response that other people began to have. The looks of disgust or indifference are the usual face that is pasted on metro riders or travelers in the train station.  A few weeks ago I began to realize that I had become one of those people that had started to become calloused and hardened against the fast paced city, with the mindset of lookout for yourself and forget about the rest. However, I realized while racing through Termini one day that that is not who I want to be – I do not want to be that person who cuts down everyone in front of me to get to my destination the quickest, I do not want to be that person who gives the lady on the corner begging for money a snide comment and a disgusted face, nor do I want to be that person that loses compassion for others around her. To lose that compassion in a way heightens my reaction to judge someone- making a decision of whether or not they are doing what I would condone. However, I cannot judge another person because I have not walked in their shoes. It is not my place to pass judgment on those that walk by with a baby in one hand and a cup in another hand that is outstretched.

                Although, we have been given more information about the people who live in Italy as Gypsies, about those that are from Africa and live under the Mafia’s control, and the Jews that were once housed in ghettos I still feel at a loss. I do not know what to make of the information that states that “Legalized” gypsies can share in the benefits of being an Italian citizen but with certain stipulations. At the same time we hear that people are leaving their homelands such as parts of North Africa in an attempt to escape the squalor and poor living conditions, coming to Italy to find a better home. However, it is at this most desperate time that people are taken advantage of and tricked into a slavery that keeps them still at a lower status of the social system that exists today. The cycle then is perpetuated over generations and as we witnessed in Naples children are being taught at a very young age to work. Their work begins with setting onto their faces a look that will melt your heart and make you reach into your wallet and give them money because it looks like they could use food or new clothes. However, if by giving them money, are we making it acceptable for them to continue this lifestyle of reliance and not actually finding “real” jobs.

            Throughout our classes and tours throughout Venice and Trastavere we have seen ghettos that reflect a time when Jews were persecuted and put aside in society. We have been told about the reaction to their religion and the way they were used as an example to the rest of the world because of their disbelief in Jesus. In the same way, the stigma that has followed the Jews has followed the Gypsies and North Africans in Italy.                  

                America is experiencing a parallel situation except it is with the Mexican/Hispanic culture. It is easy to be removed from the gypsy and African debate because we are leaving Italy in less than two weeks. However, this prejudice and mindset of keeping people at bay is everywhere. It is especially apparent in America where there are a huge number of international people that are vying for citizenship, work, or a better life.

            In my opinion everything has to start somewhere. My plan of attack, as of right now, is to do what I can as one person. It may be small and insignificant but if I am able to help one person in a small way then I have made a step closer to ending a larger part of suffering. I believe that with one gesture we can make an example and show others that it is okay to show compassion to those standing on the sidewalk trying to get you to buy things. It is okay to show the gypsy who is begging compassion. Everyone needs a chance to be understood and cared for regardless of who or what they are.

325- Being Universal and Roman

The opening of line of the Pope’s address on Easter and Christmas, “Urbi et Orbi,” acknowledges the presence of several diverse groups of people that have come together in union of belief and faith. In this way the Pope is reaching out to those congregated in St. Peter’s Square, along with those around the world that are unable to attend . All corners of the world are touched with this gesture- showing that all are welcome to come and take part in faith as well as solidarity among other people, fulfilling the Roman Catholic Church’s meaning of being universal.

While in St. Peter’s Square, my personal experience has added to my outlook on the Church and its role in the global community. The way in which the Pope addressed many groups of foreigners, in their native tongue, suggests his willingness to incorporate others in the faith. From the books of Acts we see this occurrence as Peter reaches out to Gentiles.  ‘While Peter was still saying these things, the Holy Spirit fell on all who heard the word. And the believers from among the circumcised who had come with Peter were amazed, because the gift of the Holy Spirit was poured out even on the Gentiles. For they were hearing them speaking in tongues and extolling God. Then Peter declared, “Can anyone withhold water for baptizing these people, who have received the Holy Spirit just as we have?”’ Acts 10: 44-47.

This passage suggests that God can be reached by any individual. Personally I believe that anyone can have this relationship with God and are quite capable to make it their own. Being in Rome, the idea that there are other ways in which to do things has definitely set in and I realize that my “American Mentality” has somewhat influenced my views prior to studying abroad in Italy. Being able to see that there are other avenues to do something, to make a meal, to have a conversation, and in that respect find God is real. In Vatican II, Pope John Paul suggested that the Church open its windows and let in a fresh perspective. In this manner the Church is like Ancient Rome. Ancient Rome was definitely a place in which foreigners from across the global came and visited leaving their mark as well as leaving a part of their legacy and culture with the Romans while also taking a piece of Rome home with them. This exchange assists in the integration of people all over the world which can essentially make Rome an Eternal City because it continues to live on in others that have taken a piece of it with them. Much in the same way has the church incorporated others in its teachings as well as left its print on those that have come to take part in its beliefs and ceremonies, such as the Papal Audience.

           

Continuing on with the Roman Catholic Church’s universal outlook, I find that people all over the world have their own views, opinions, and way of doing things and no one can change or force them to conform to one and only one way of doing things. I personally, do not think that this is the intent of Jesus or God – instead we are to accept everyone as they are and to establish a brotherhood-which can flow through the newly opened window of the Church. The Poet Kahlil Gibran has eloquently stated this through the following passage: “You are my brother and I love you. I love you worshipping in your church, kneeling in your temple, and praying in your mosque. You and I and all are children of one religion, for the varied paths of religion are but the fingers of the loving hand of the Supreme Being, extended to all, offering completeness of spirit to all, anxious to receive all.” (A POET’S VOICE part 3). I believe this is part of the Church’s fresh perspective: that those all over the world are still connected to one another in our humanity and to the divine.  

 I believe that this was the intent of Pope John Paul and his encouraging the Church to open its windows to reach out and be more universal and global. His out reaching to Muslims and Jews has helped facilitate the idea of trying to understand and accept others that may have other ways of expressing their beliefs. In this way the Church has evolved and in another sense returned back to its original roots in extending its hand to all because no one can “withhold the water for baptizing these people, who have received the Hold Spirit.”

325- Being Universal and Roman

The opening of line of the Pope’s address on Easter and Christmas, “Urbi et Orbi,” acknowledges the presence of several diverse groups of people that have come together in union of belief and faith. In this way the Pope is reaching out to those congregated in St. Peter’s Square, along with those around the world that are unable to attend . All corners of the world are touched with this gesture- showing that all are welcome to come and take part in faith as well as solidarity among other people, fulfilling the Roman Catholic Church’s meaning of being universal.

While in St. Peter’s Square, my personal experience has added to my outlook on the Church and its role in the global community. The way in which the Pope addressed many groups of foreigners, in their native tongue, suggests his willingness to incorporate others in the faith. From the books of Acts we see this occurrence as Peter reaches out to Gentiles.  ‘While Peter was still saying these things, the Holy Spirit fell on all who heard the word. And the believers from among the circumcised who had come with Peter were amazed, because the gift of the Holy Spirit was poured out even on the Gentiles. For they were hearing them speaking in tongues and extolling God. Then Peter declared, “Can anyone withhold water for baptizing these people, who have received the Holy Spirit just as we have?”’ Acts 10: 44-47.

This passage suggests that God can be reached by any individual. Personally I believe that anyone can have this relationship with God and are quite capable to make it their own. Being in Rome, the idea that there are other ways in which to do things has definitely set in and I realize that my “American Mentality” has somewhat influenced my views prior to studying abroad in Italy. Being able to see that there are other avenues to do something, to make a meal, to have a conversation, and in that respect find God is real. In Vatican II, Pope John Paul suggested that the Church open its windows and let in a fresh perspective. In this manner the Church is like Ancient Rome. Ancient Rome was definitely a place in which foreigners from across the global came and visited leaving their mark as well as leaving a part of their legacy and culture with the Romans while also taking a piece of Rome home with them. This exchange assists in the integration of people all over the world which can essentially make Rome an Eternal City because it continues to live on in others that have taken a piece of it with them. Much in the same way has the church incorporated others in its teachings as well as left its print on those that have come to take part in its beliefs and ceremonies, such as the Papal Audience.

           

Continuing on with the Roman Catholic Church’s universal outlook, I find that people all over the world have their own views, opinions, and way of doing things and no one can change or force them to conform to one and only one way of doing things. I personally, do not think that this is the intent of Jesus or God – instead we are to accept everyone as they are and to establish a brotherhood-which can flow through the newly opened window of the Church. The Poet Kahlil Gibran has eloquently stated this through the following passage: “You are my brother and I love you. I love you worshipping in your church, kneeling in your temple, and praying in your mosque. You and I and all are children of one religion, for the varied paths of religion are but the fingers of the loving hand of the Supreme Being, extended to all, offering completeness of spirit to all, anxious to receive all.” (A POET’S VOICE part 3). I believe this is part of the Church’s fresh perspective: that those all over the world are still connected to one another in our humanity and to the divine.  

 I believe that this was the intent of Pope John Paul and his encouraging the Church to open its windows to reach out and be more universal and global. His out reaching to Muslims and Jews has helped facilitate the idea of trying to understand and accept others that may have other ways of expressing their beliefs. In this way the Church has evolved and in another sense returned back to its original roots in extending its hand to all because no one can “withhold the water for baptizing these people, who have received the Hold Spirit.”

Art Journal 225 Due Sept 21, 2010 Sistine Chapel and St. Peter's

The Last Judgement, by Michelangelo, spans the entire front altar of the Sistine Chapel. In particular, I would like to focus on the image of St. Bartholomew. Looking at the painting of the St. Bartholomew, we see him resting at the left hand of Jesus Christ. He is holding a knife and skin, symbolizing the way in which he was flayed alive. This particular painting by Michelangelo was done in the fresco fashion upon the front wall of the Sistine Chapel.

Under Pope Clement VII, Michelangelo was commissioned to paint the Last Judgment on the Sistine Chapel around 1535. He completed this task about 1541, during his late sixties. Michelangelo was unhappy with his position as painter because he regarded himself as solely a sculptor. However, his endeavor of taking on the Last Judgment, succeeded with its attempt to depict the second coming of Christ. In particular, the image of St. Bartholomew represents the many martyrs that were killed for their belief and loyalty to Christ. The image of St. Bartholomew with his knife and skin are shown in a way that would look as if he is holding up his sacrifice and pain, showing Christ his love and loyalty. It is during this final judgment that Bartholomew is reminding God of his sacrifice as he was skinned alive. This is one of many images that depicts likeness of the ways martyrs were killed for their beliefs.

Taking a closer look at the image of St. Bartholomew and his skin, observers can see a face in the flayed skin. Through the centuries that image has been said to be that of Michelangelo himself. His depiction of himself shows an anguished and tormented side. This image has been interpreted to mean what Michelangelo felt, when his time would come to be judged, he would not have such an offering to give to Christ. The tortured face in the folds of the skin relay the fatigue and inner turmoil that Michelangelo felt as he completed the Final Judgement.

The creation of Michelangelo’s sculpture of the Pieta was commissioned for the funeral Cardinal Jean de Billheres.  The Pieta has since been moved to the first right alcove of St. Peter’s Basilica. Michelangelo’s depiction of the Blessed Mother and Son was carved out of marble in 1499.

This sculpture of Mary and Jesus is unlike many others. In that, the Holy Mother is cradling the dead body of her son. Many times she is seen holding a child or the infant baby Jesus. Instead, the Pieta recreates the scene right after Jesus has been taken off the cross. This image humanizes both Mary and Jesus, showing both of their vulnerability. The wounds of Jesus are not highlighted in Michelangelo’s Pieta instead they are smaller wounds showing where he was nailed to the cross and then stabbed in the side.

Another, symbol found in the Pieta is the image of Mary. Here she is seen as a young woman holding to herself a body of a grown man. The sculpture shows a very serene and young Mary. It is unusual to see such a young version of Mary especially when she is seen with her son Jesus. However, Michelangelo intentionally created Mary this way. He used her image in the Pieta to convey her purity of heart, because he believed that through her purity she was kept “fresh and unchanged by time.” Even looking at the proportion of Mary to the limp body of Jesus viewers can see a big contrast. This can also be said to symbolize the motherliness of Mary as she takes Jesus’ dying body into her hands. Her comfort as a mother returns almost as if she were comforting a small child. This image of Mary conveys her strength and purity even at one of the most difficult times in her life.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle

Tour of St. Peter’s Basilica

314- Ghettos- A Jewish Community or an Innercity Hood?

            The use of the word ghetto can be confining both in a physical and mental sense. Its use can be used to reference the ghettos created to enclose a large group of Jewish residence. In this way, the word ghetto can physically lock away a group of people, keeping them from others who live outside the limits of the gate. However, the term ghetto can also be used as a slang word for the hood or other poverty stricken inner city dwelling. This usage provides me with an image of mental locking away, rather than a physical locking away. This type of ghetto keeps people together in a perpetual cycle in the way of their style of living. The use of the word ghetto, in both old and new context, provides a vivid picture in the way that their inhabitants are affected along with those residing outside both types of ghettos.

The term ghetto, when used roughly 60 years ago, was a locked community that was used to house a large number of Jews to keep them together and under control. They were seen as an example of what not to do for the “outside world.” Meaning, their choices concerning religion were considered incorrect because of their choice to see Jesus differently than other Christians.  Those who put the Jews in the ghettos did so to control their station in life, their careers, their rights, and to keep those they did not understand at bay. This reasoning allowed those on the outside to remain in power and gain a feeling of security because they were able to nicely set aside something that was foreign to them.

In the older usage of the term ghetto, people who were kept inside the locked gates were forced to live and exist there under the oppression of those in power. This forced confinement most likely created an animosity and resentment between the two groups of people creating a bigger rift between races and religions. However, it may also have caused the people inside to become closer to one another. The familiarity and comfort of living with those that understand and accept your beliefs and values is a reassuring feeling. I know that my parents, who immigrated to the United States of America, feel better understood and have a better sense of community when surrounded by people who share a common background, religion, and culture. This being said, a physical barrier that keeps people in, can force a bond that may be different than if they were free to come and go at any time. From the readings the author, Elsa Morante, gives a sense of the ghetto and in away portrays it as a certain type of comfort.  The comfort of people who know and trust you, people who understand your culture, background, and other aspects of your life. 

Much in the same way people who are living in today’s ghettos or hoods are seen, from outsiders, as miscreants and hoodlums. They are not giving an opportunity to be seen in a different light. Instead they are confined or locked in a certain status of life that makes it difficult to overcome. This is what could be seen as a locked way of life because of the difficulty to break out of the cycle of this life style. Even though they are not physically locked into a community there are locked into a stereotype.

In today’s world, the term ghetto strikes within me an image of a dark alley, shady characters, addictions, and poverty. With this image, I associate the mental lock. This mental barrier is what keeps people living in this environment without them moving forward. Being born into a ghetto,hood like environment can be hard to break away from because it is all you have come to know. In the same sense as the old ghetto, this new ghetto also offers a comfort or shelter for those who seek its rush or high. They come together with people who are also looking for the same type of release. This understanding and style of life can be hard to break out of.

However, those of the outside see this modern type of ghetto as something to be avoided and in the same sense as the older ghettos an example of what NOT to become. The modern ghettos formulate a picture that is used to deter people from making certain life choices. No one wants to end up in the bad part of town living in poverty, barely making it by, surrounded by drug dealers or addicts. Much like the Jewish ghettos, these ghettos “teach a lesson” on what it means to make good choices and gives you an image of what to avoid – such as those shady characters, dark alleys, and drugs.

            The term ghetto still has a strong meaning today as it did 60 years ago. It still holds with it a great deal of baggage- encompassing the pain of stereotyping, misunderstanding and a barrier that keeps people of different religions or ethnicities separated. Ghettos have as much affect in today’s world on everyone as it did when it was a reference to a Jewish community that was kept in confinement.

325 Stories and Traditions 4 The Piazza and its Reflection of the Italian Culture

        Stepping out into the warmth of the sun filled piazza is as welcoming as an open armed greeting from an Italian acquaintance. The buzz of the people who are milling around the shops and restaurants fill my ears as the language of love pours over me. My eyes do not know where to look first, whether it is at the center piece fountain or the dozens of acts being performed all around. The piazza that I find myself in, like many others, provides a glimpse into the in depth Italian culture. It is through this moment I find myself coming to an understanding of the grandeur, robust energy, contradictions, and love that comprise the Italian culture.


        One of the first things I notice when I take my first steps into any piazza is the surrounding architecture. Many of the piazzas found in Italy such as Piazza Navona or Piazza Spagna are encircled with grand structures that carry with them intricate details as well as centuries of history. The history in the walls of the structures encircling the piazza mirrors the history within each Italian. Each brick like each cell of their human body resonates with the pride of who they are and where they have originated. The intricately woven details of the marble are like the complex history and roots that make up each family. The root of the family remains the basis that allows their strong identity to branching out over generations and generations.

       The Italian culture has its roots firmly planted in its ancient history and legends that have shaped their modern lives. The details are like the elaborate pieces of history that have lead up to the twenty first century. Through the creation of Rome through the twin Romulus and Remus to modern life there have been many things shaping the Italian culture. This runs parallel to those things that have left their mark on the piazzas that dot the city. It would seem that many Italians also have a firm grip on who they are and where their family’s roots have come from- finding pride in generations of the family name. This adds a personal touch to the history of their country much like the little details in the buildings of the piazza.

      After the first initial step into the center you become bombarded with the jostling of the crowds and the yells of the merchants trying to get anyone’s attention. It is through this moment that I become suddenly aware of the energy and determination in the piazza which corresponds with Italian culture. Italians in this aspect are full of life which emanates through their expressions and daily life. The determination of the Italians, much like the people found in the piazza, is seen in their very expression of their language, pride, opinions, and food. The push of their own preferences is much like that of the push of the vendors – trying to get customer to come in and buy what they are selling. In much of the same way Italians convey their own way of doing things along with their personal ideals. An example of this would the infinite amounts of Italian food that is found everywhere leaving little space for any other types of cuisine to even exist. However, when asked why that is, Danilo, a long time resident of Italy, simply states “Italian food is the best why would I eat anything else?”

        As I continue to explore the piazza I come to find a darker version of it. The outskirts of the piazzas and the side alleys that boarder the piazzas show a less dazzling aspect. What I find instead in this place is a beggar who appears crippled asking for compassion and help. I find menacing characters leering down upon me as I pass. It is through this picture that I come to the realization that Italy is filled with contradictions. It is beautiful and uplifting but in the same instant it becomes permeated with sadness and fear. The Rome that is known for its beauty and charm is blemished with the contradiction of an unstable environment that is found in certain instances.

        The final glimpse of the Italian culture that I am privy enough to see in this piazza is the emotion of love. While in one part I observe a perverse and disgusting part of the piazza I am more overwhelmed by the love and compassion shown between couples, families, and friends. The joy in the faces of those meeting up and exchanging greetings is priceless to see. The love here seems to mirror the passion and intensity for life that the Italian culture seems to possess. The energy that seems to fill the culture is similar to the powerful love exhibited in the confines of the piazza. The fervor that Italian culture possesses is much like a kiss shared between two lovers. The power of the moment, between the couple, takes over and they are lost in one another- much like the culture that is enamored with what it means to be an Italian. The joy of expressing their emotions without holding back, the pride of an accomplished dinner, or the protective nature of their most important traditions can all be embodied by that kiss. The passion exchanged and then the gaze that locks the couple’s eyes is the same look that can describe the pride and love of the Italian culture.

       The sensory overload of the piazza is like a porthole to the Italian culture. Everything in that one moment is coming at you like a train going full speed as you step into the piazza. The joys, pain, pride, and beauty found in one piazza radiates the mood of an entire culture. Through the observations made in the piazza, I am allowed to experience a little piece of the Italian culture. This little taste of Italy leaves with me an explosion flavors that when put together comprises an entire culture.

314 (Rome to Jerusalem) Journal 2 Heroes

                 In the words from the movie, Mulan, “A single grain of rice can tip the scale- one man can be the difference between victory and defeat.” Meaning, one person has the ability to be a catalyst in any situation big or small. In such moments they can be seen in the eyes of those they help as a hero- regardless of how big or small their act of kindness is. Humans may not possess superpowers such as spidey-senses, incredible hulk strength, or self-healing capabilities- but they do have free will and the ability to be selfless. Giorgio Perlasca was one such human who was a catalyst that willingly placed the needs of thousands of refugees, during World War Two, before his own welfare. Perlasca is just one example of an authentic hero who was able to set into motion the liberation of thousands of people during the Nazi occupation of Hungary. An authentic hero is someone that is able to set aside their own needs, desires, and worries and help out another human or part of creation regardless of the circumstances. Authentic heroes are able to take the shape of any human- there is no set boundaries that must be crossed to be considered a hero. Instead the way in which a person impacts another is particular to each scenario because one person, like one grain of rice, can be the difference to uplift, save, or consol another person- making them a hero in their own right.

      It may be difficult to place the needs of others before one’s own, but the act of doing so can be just as powerful –if not more- than any superpower. There are many such heroes in this world- although there are many that have still remained anonymous. Authentic heroes can take the shape of a stranger, such as Perlasca, who did not know the majority of the Jews he was helping smuggle out of Hungary.

       At first glance, Giorgio Perlasca was an average man- carrying on with his life as usual after World War Two. However, if someone were to ask one of the thousands of people he signed through to safety- they would most certainly contradict that statement. Perlasca willingly stood his ground in Nazi occupied Hungary –under the false name of the Spanish ambassador- in order to grant safe passage to Jewish refugees. Perlasca’s choice to act as the Spanish Ambassador was both daring and reckelss. His fearless heart was able to rescue 5,200 human beings that would otherwise have been killed. While doing so, Giorgio Perlasca placed himself in peril countless times. Although, he was granted definite safety through the Spanish Embassy-under Franco- Perlasca decided to remain in Hungary. After some time, he assumed the alias of Spanish Ambassador. This was not asked of Giorgio Perlasca- instead he freely chose to stay behind in war torn Hungary to see to it that people were able to escape the destruction of the Nazis. In this way Perlasca chose to make himself a link that would connect refugees to the safety he was originally granted. This selfless act benefitted 5,200 lives – many of which never met Perlasca. This one man was able to change many lives all the while knowing the peril in which he was placing himself.

     Perlasca’s life decisions were incredible and not everyone may have what it takes to have done what he chose to do. However, that does not make anyone else’s acts of kindness less note worthy. There are millions of people around the world that are acting as catalysts- making life better for others through various other good deeds. The strength to choose to help another at inconvenient times is truly a selfless act that can take any form.

          Another form of an authentic hero that is a little different from Giorgio Perlasca- would be someone that does small acts of kindness. Those that give up their time for someone else, those that give others a helping hand, or someone who simply listens can qualify as a hero. The effects of these acts of kindness cannot be measured. However, the hero is still giving up their own time and energy to help someone in need. These little acts can be as cataclysmic as what Perlasca did in World War Two – just on a different level. If it can be imagined – what would have happened if someone’s kind act was erased? The world, no doubt, would be different. Each act of a hero causes a chain reaction. This is part of the strength behind the act of a hero- for when one person acts it is passed on –spreading the kindness with it. A mother’s sacrifice, a firefighters return to a burning building, a friend sticking up for another, or a person giving to someone on the streets- these people are authentic in their giving- not expecting gratitude for their action. However, this benevolence is exactly what qualifies them for the title of hero. Perlasca, who was just like any of these examples, returned home to Italy after the war and he did not parade around his good deeds. Instead he led a humble life and it was when those that he helped sought him out –was his legacy revealed.



         One human being’s selflessness is a heroic act that can be the one thing that causes the scales to tip. One person, one gesture of compassion is the channel that causes another’s life to be made better. Each person has the capability to help out another in need and that is a powerful realization. Perlasca, like countless other men and women, had a fearless heart that was able to save many in a time of strife. People everywhere do not have to wait for a war to become a hero, instead the goodness in their heart can be seen at any time – anywhere making them an authentic hero as well.

Art 225- Journal 3

Venetian Masquerade Masks:




All throughout the many ports of Venice, travelers will inevitably come into contact with the ever popular Venetian Masquerade Masks. These specific forms of masks are usually seen during the Carnevale di Venezia –when participants dawn elaborate costumes- most of which include facial masks. The masks are usually made out of leather or paper mache and then decorated with bright colors, feathers,fur, and either real or fake jewels (simplymasquerade).

The historical aspect of the Venetian Masquerade masks dates back to approximately the middle of the 15th century. At this time mask makers – known as mascherari- where perfecting the art of their creation. Their products were then used as a way to disguise which class the wearer of the mask belonged to (simplymasquerade). This allowed for a better way of mingling between classes- especially during large gathers- such as the many carnivals that took place. The main carnival would begin two weeks previous to Ash Wednesday and end on Shrove Tuesday. It was during this time the Catholic Church had approved the use of such masks-allowing partakers to hide behind the ever popular masks and hide their true identity and status-whether it be of a higher or lower tier.

The celebration that took place before Ash Wednesday can be equated to that of Mardi Gras. The Church had limited the use of the masquerade masks to this time of year because their existence was being abused. Many times the masks were used as a tool to hide behind when partaking in activities that would be condemned by the Church- such as sexual promiscuity. Others used the mask to hide behind when finding out information- so that their identity would not be compromised. However, with the time restriction for the use of such masks their uses became less immoral. The masquerade masks were then mainly used by participants of the festivities to socialize with anyone because no one knew who was behind the beautifully decorated Venetian Masquerade Masks. The participants could then enjoy the pleasure of anonymity.



http://www.simplymasquerade.co.uk/maskmaking.html



http://www.magicofvenezia.com/servlet/the-template/maskstory/Page



The obelisk in the center the Piazza San Giovanni is the oldest one in Rome- being dated to the 15th Century BCE. It was brought to its current residence by the emperor Constantine and is made up of granite. It currently stands at a height of 105.6 feet-or 32.18 meters. It was actually said to have been 36meters tall but it was rumored to have been trimmed before it was planted in the Circus Maximus.

However, the history behind this particular obelisk goes back to Tuthmosis III, of Egypt, who had originally orders its creation. It was originally going to be used to adorn the Temple of Karnak in Thebes. Then this particular obelisk was chosen by Emperor Constantine to be taken to Rome. The action of moving the obelisk to the area near the Circus Maximus reflected the power and superiority over those the Roman’s had conquered. However, it was while the obelisk stood in the Circus Maximus that an earthquake to place causing the fall of obelisk theancientegyptians).

The obelisk was then rediscovered in the 16th century in three pieces. Under Pope Sixtus V the obelisk was restored and moved to its current location-Piazza San Giovanni. Before it was erected the Pope added to it the addition of a crucifix- so that all might see the sign of Christianity. The Piazza Giovanni then became one of the more prominent centers of Christianity. Pope Sixtus also added to the top of the obelisk his own person momentos of his reign as Pope- those being the three mountains with start and lions holding up pears (theancientegyptians). This was a symbol of the Pope’s power- much like Constantine’s centuries earlier- and his role in the life of Rome at the time (Blue Guide).



http://www.theancientegyptians.com/Lateran.htm

Hum325-3--Bolstered or Limited- The Role of History in Religion

    Through the passage of time there have been many religions that have come into existence and just as easily fallen into oblivion. However, there are a few that have lasted and continued to live on through many generations-examples of this would be Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. These three “Western” religions have continued to be passed down and practiced by many followers in hopes of achieving salvation. However, there is a point when we must reflect upon what is passed down and consider its role in our lives. By doing so, we will have to evaluate the role of history and its importance to each of these three religions.

    At first glance we see that history plays an important role in of each of these three religions. The history that we can trace back generations to find the root of where it began -solidifies our beliefs. The confirmation that others have come before us and believed in what we are living out each day -is comforting in our daily lives. It is especially important when we are questioned by others who may have differing viewpoints regarding religion. The historic aspect of any religion allows believers to call upon something in times of need both physical and emotional stress. The understanding of where our religion has sprouted from – helps in our own understand of the religion –allowing us to know why certain traditions have been passed down and are still in practice. In this regard history can be seen as bolstering one’s faith.

   However, history can also be confining for a religion. Many people may perceive an outlook of a religion as the one and only way to practice their beliefs. This can stifle the growth of any believer-in that they are unable to deviate from their beliefs which can be a necessary thing –since our world is ever changing in its dynamics. The inability to deviate from one certain path is unrealistic because our world is not stagnant – therefore, our beliefs cannot be either.

   I believe that history of a religion is both necessary and confining. However, I would say that like our Founding Fathers, who established the beliefs that are the basis of our country, we must allow for room to change with the times. We cannot foresee the challenges of tomorrow but we can be prepared with the strength of our faith that has its roots firmly planted in tradition and history- but at the same time open to new ideals that can be added to it. The possible addition to any religion or a more open interpretation can encourage more followers to join and take part in its practices. “Amending” any religion is necessary because we are not exactly the same as those that have come before us. Therefore, the history behind any religion is a beautiful thing that helps its followers understand where they are coming from. Yet, all religions- such as Christianity, Islam, and Judaism- need to have the ability to adapt to certain environments or situations.

   In conclusion, Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are all strengthened and confirmed through their inclusion of their past history. However, it is through their ability to change and adapt to the times that has allowed them to be exist thus far. Religion cannot be confined by its history-instead it must use it to keep its identity and allow room to change and add to its history for future generations.

314 Theology Blog 1- Parallels between Jerusalem/Rome and Our Modern World

       As I have uncovered more about the ancient civilizations of Rome and Jerusalem I have come to realize that there are not as many differences, that I had once believed, that separate the world I live in from theirs. These two cities have been created, destroyed, and rebuilt several times yet their ability to withstand the test of time is a true testament to their incredible meaning and contribution to their surrounding settings. Rome and Jerusalem can be compared to two of America’s well known settings- The Grand Canyon and Hollywood. These two modern places share many of the same attributes that once comprised the ancient cities of Rome and Jerusalem.


      Jerusalem’s meaning and existence can be equated to the grandeur and repose felt by one’s own spirit when faced with enormity and peace offered by one of the greatest natural structures in the Unites States- The Grand Canyon. The Grand Canyon is one of the many places people come to see at least once in their lifetime. Yet, the pull to make the journey to this place is not nearly as strong as the emotion felt when actually beholding the depths and beauty of the ever extending canyon. One could say that this –in itself- is a religious experience. Being a part of nature and treading upon ground that was once filled with such a strong and surging body of water is an incredible feeling that can make a traveler more aware of the world they live in. In much of the same way- a pilgrimage to one of the holiest places can bring forth the same emotion. The holy city of Jerusalem was manmade as opposed to being eroded and carved out over time –but its being still emanates the importance of its past. Jerusalem was said to be the new dwelling places of the Ark of the Covenant that symbolized the promise of God’s protection in exchange for his people’s trust and loyalty(Goodman). This center of importance is part of the reason that draws to it the mass of pilgrims that come to observe one of the holiest places.

      Just as Jerusalem was built and rebuilt after many wars and skirmishes – the Grand Canyon also carries with it the physical scars of its past. The canyon- like the Temple- has layers upon layers that each tell a different story dedicated to a certain time in its past. The Temple that sits in Jerusalem was also reconstructed upon its original foundations making it too resemble the canyon in that its many layers represent the emotional along with the physical strains be held by the people at different times in its history.

       On the other hand, Hollywood is one of the main attractions offered on the West Coast of America. It offers a more glamorous and dazzling aspect of the U.S. to anyone who enters into its borders. Hollywood, like Rome, is not supported by people journeying to find spiritual comfort or joy in the simple things in life. Instead these two cities offer a more boisterous atmosphere that communicates the ideals they strive for. Hollywood is home to many prominent actors and actresses that have made their mark in the movie industry in such a way that can be seen as almost a conquering of that industry. The type of conquering can be related to the pride of Rome which was to gain power and success which was then shown off to the rest of the world. The obelisks, monuments, and government structures of Rome were all signs of the wealth and power that endowed the inhabitants of its city. This display of wealth can be equally noted in the atmosphere of Hollywood. The homes, places of entertainment, and other structures that bring in tourism mark the prosperity of the city.

      Much like the Romans, the celebrities that dwell within the city also convey their influence to those around them. Through their choices in fashion, food, fades, and other decisions they convey their preferences- which in many ways take the lead and prompts the next upcoming thing that the rest of the public will follow. Rome was also one of the places where many ideas of civilization took root- and branched out to other neighboring towns and cities. For example Rome was the first to create and implement the ideas of sewers and aqueducts. It was also a leading force in the different styles of architecture and layouts of its city plan. The Roman forum has since been a model for many other settings- including modern places such as universities.

     The ancient cities of Rome and Jerusalem have many qualities that have contributed to their success and life of their existence. Much in the same way, the Grand Canyon and Hollywood have been able to grow and prosper -by with beckon travelers to stop along their journey. Even though these two modern cities have different reasons that attract travelers they are both centers of life and culture just like Rome and Jerusalem were.

Hum 225- Journal 2

The bust of the Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s Medusa is made up of white marble and is 50 x 41 x 38 centimeters (museicapitolini.org). She is located in one of the many galleries in the Capitoline Museum. This depiction of Medusa is not a common side that most people picture when imagining the great mythical Medusa. Bernini gives Medusa a pained expression that makes her look as if she were about to cry out, yet her beauty remains undiminished. Other works of art that have portrayed Medusa give her an air of triumph and power because of her ability to petrify her victims. However, Bernini has chosen to make the image of Medusa with this expression to offer us another side of this prisoner of fate.


Some may say that Medusa’s expression- that was given to her by Bernini- is a symbol of her misery and grief. However, there are a few interpretations of her face that can be seen as the reason for her sorrow (museicapitolini.org).Medusa’s ability to petrify her victims was said to have been given to her as punishment for having disgraced one of the temples of Minerva. This can be the cause of the distorted face that Medusa has- because she knows of her destructive ability and her incapability to ever truly be close to anyone again. Bernini can pull from his viewers- through his creation of Medusa- a sense of sadness and empathy. Being able to procure this reaction for something that is as destructive as a monstrous creature is truly a deep and powerful ability. For a common mortal to feel the same as a creature that consorted with the gods is a phenomenal ability that Bernini possessed. I believe that Bernini did this as a representation of the common feelings and emotions that all humanity possesses. The symbolism of this work of art shows the idea that in some way we can all empathize with one another at some time in our life.

http://en.museicapitolini.org/museo/restauri/restauro_del_busto_di_medusa_di_gian_lorenzo_bernini

The Via Appia Antica is in itself a work of art. The creation of the Via Appia Antica, one of Rome’s first roads, was said have been around 312 B.C.E. (romefile.com). The original basalt slabs that paved the Ancient Appian Way are still existent – just a little worn away after thousands of years of use. Their resilience and presence is a reminder of their original purpose in the Roman culture. The Via Appia Antica stretches from Rome to Brindisi- connecting the world to Rome.

The Via Appia Antica, created by Appius Claudius, was created as a tool for better transportation and access to the great city of Rome(Blue Guide). Its creation was also a representation of the status of those who lived in Rome- through the way they adorned the grave sites of those that had passed. The citizens of the city took the bodies of their loved ones and buried them along the road. Those with higher statuses and more wealth were able to design the resting places of those they loved more ornately. This gesture not only paid tribute to the dead but also symbolized, to those passing along the Via Appia Antica, the wealth, honor, and splendor of the city they were about to encounter (class discussion). Many of these burial sites are still intact and greeting those traveling into Rome. The Roman reverence for their dead and the passion of self pride is evident through this unique artwork that we tread on daily. It is a reminder of their past history, customs, and religious beliefs that have withstood that test of time.

http://www.romefile.com/sights/via-appia-antica.php

Hum325-2 Rome:Exhilarating or Oppressive?

Each day in Italy brings with it new challenges and unknown adventures. Whether it is making it to our 6:06 train to Villeta or bouncing down the Appian Way -when each day comes to an end I feel like I have accomplished something and I have earned the incredible dinner that we sit down to every night. I can almost compare my experiences, as of right now, to that of being a freed man that was explained, by Danilo, on the Ancient Appian Way. Free men were slaves to a particular family and through hard work and obedience they were able to prove themselves in such a way that they were sometimes able to earn their freedom. Their new found freedom included becoming a citizen of Rome and being completely released from their duties as slaves. Each day, I feel like I too am trying to prove myself to my new friend –Roma. It has proven to be more difficult than I had originally imagined – being both exciting and harsh at times.


The slaves at the time of the Roman Empire were usually foreigners. Their slave system was not based on race-rather it was powered by prisoners of war that were then bartered and sold for a profit. These slaves were then placed under the power of their new owners and were completely at their mercy (PBS). By traveling to Rome – I too am a foreigner- and it seems apparent, from the people we pass, that it can be obvious at times that I am an American and not part of the local crowd. This is what I find to be oppressive at times. It would seem that the stereotype of being American follows us where ever we go- bringing with it the idea that we are ignorant and self absorbed. A train ride into town can bring with it the whispers of the locals- where I can only make out a few words here and there- but the jist it that “yep they’re American,” and then continue on with their conversation that includes many sideways glances.

As the slave’s life continued, their hard work and dedication seemed to prove their worthiness, of freedom, to their masters. After just one week in Rome I feel that I have been trying to prove myself to Rome and its locals- that I can learn more and more about my surroundings. Becoming more attuned to the ways things are done in the city is part of the exhilaration. Moving in step with the rhythm of the city makes my heart beat a little faster, my ears more alert, and eyes more focused. Each time I pass through the city I realize I know where I am faster and I am more confident in my abilities to get where I need to be. This can be compared to the work of the slaves. Although, my life does not include nearly as cruel treatment, I feel that I can understand the striving of the slave to become free- free of living under someone else thoughts and choices. I strive to break free from the oppressive clamor of the streets as I become more accustom to their ways and from the oppression of being thought of as ignorant.

Through the last week I have come to realize that one of the other crueler aspects of being a traveler-as I am sure it was for the slaves- is the way people take advantage of you. Buying tickets at the kiosk in Termini was an experience. Observing a lone traveler try and understand the ticket kiosk and then being approached by shady characters –that are overly pushing- was definitely unnerving. However, the successful trip that followed soon made up for that experience.

I still have awhile to go before Rome is likely to accept me as one of its own- but as I journey on for the next seven weeks I hope to prove myself. Even though every day brings with it the thrill of the unknown, along with the weariness of always being cautious, I still enjoy the little moments that Rome has to offer.



http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/slaves_freemen.html

HUM 225 August 19th Experiencing art and culture as we get lost in the Piazza di Spagna

Historic Essay


Walking in to the Piazza del Popolo the Santa Maria del Popolo, translated to St. Mary of the People, is not one of the very first things that you see. The exterior of the basilica is not as ornate as other buildings or monuments surrounding it. Yet, its style has a simple feeling that invites you in to take refuge from the sun. Stepping foot into the basilica immediately causes your eyes to adjust because of the dim lighting that illuminates the entire place.

The Basilica was originally a chapel created in 1099 and rebuilt in the 15th century- as it stands now it is made up of travertine stone. The Santa Maria del Popolo was originally created to displace a simple walnut tree. You may wondering what the purpose of that would be? The people of the town surrounding that particular walnut tree believed it to be the house of the evil spirit of Nero-who was said to be buried beneath it. As a way to settle the minds of the inhabitants and restore peace- the tree was ordered to be cut down and burned. In its place the basilica was constructed and consecrated – exorcising the spirit of Nero.

The simple structure of the basilica itself does not do justice to the exquisitely decorated interior. The entire basilica is covered in frescos, mosaics, sculptures and other art forms. It is even the resting place for many prominent members of society-such as Giovanni Battista Gisleni. Their tombs are encased in the walls as well as the floors- giving the dim basilica an even more mysterious and spiritual feeling.


http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/522989/Santa-Maria-del-Popolo

http://www.reidsguides.com/italy/destinations/lazio/rome/sights/sm_popolo.html



The second piece that I would like to focus on would be the Fontana del Tritone that we happened upon by mere chance. As we were making our very detoured way back to the metro we passed this beautiful structure. It is located in the Piazza Barberini and was created by Bernini in 1642.

Barberini constructed this fountain from travertine in the Baroque style –(that would go on to set his style for future fountains). He was originally commissioned to build the fountain by Pope Urban the VIII as a reminder of the constant water supply that was available because of the Roman aqueducts. This structure was an advertisement of both beauty and grace along with practicality. The Pope needed a way in which the people could get the water and at the same time appeal to the very nature of the Roman culture.

The fountain depicts Triton being held up by four dolphins as he raises a conch shell. The fountain portrays a more villa style fountain- that being a free standing fountain to a more urban setting – where it now rests. This fountain was not like the others found at this time that were more basic and basin like.


Looking back on these two particular “art pieces” it can be said that their construction was used to meet the needs of the people at the time as well as meet the needs of the Pope and officials of the time. Today they both provide a rest for the weary traveler and drink to continue on as they make their way through Rome.


http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/b/bernini/gianlore/sculptur/1630/triton.html

Hum 325 Stories and Traditions: Buongiorno Roma, mi chiamo Rebeka

    Today I was introduced to two of Rome’s most famous inhabitants: The Colosseum and the Roman Forum. Meeting this pair was like meeting a celebrity for the very first time-it’s like you hold your breath and you can’t believe just how close you are to them or you are lost for words because you don’t want to ruin your first impression and leave them thinking that you were a waste of their precious time. Their façade and beautiful stature make them incredibly intimidating and yet they seem to be holding within a secret that is as wise as the time that has passed them. Passing through these two sites you feel as if you are intruding on someone else’s home and that you should not really be let alone with the swarm of people. Yet, these two monuments have been left behind for us on purpose so that we can remember- instead of having to relive the mistakes of the past. This is where their secret -that they hold so close -begins to unravel.


    The experience of walking within the hearts of these two ancient ruins is like sitting down with two old men of Rome. They have seen it all –having had experienced many trials and tribulations- along with the glory days that were full of ecstasy and excitement. The stories they have to tell can lend a hand to us as we make our journey through our own lives – so that we may not fall as hard when making mistakes because we have learned from their errors. At first I was overwhelmed by the awe and beauty before me – the glory days that were full of adventure and mystery. The impact of the how enormous the Colosseum stretches to the sky and how vast the Forum is leaves you with a sense of astonishment. How could all of this have been accomplished and maintained for so long. Yet the stories behind these two ancients ruins leaves you almost saddened and in disbelief. How could people have wanted death and torture as entertainment –as the way to escape everyday life? How could the slaughter of slaves been acceptable? Where was the line between human beings as citizens of Rome and those people labeled as not worthy to live? How could the vestal virgins be punished for not being able to maintain their fire when they had the elements against them? Why would the Visigoths try to cut down the beautiful pillars of the temple? This is where the glory days become the gory days and you can never quite look at the ancients ruins in the same way.

      The Colosseum has a lot to tell us- he is saying ---“Yes, I am magnificent and strong and have impacted many as they travelled by-yet -do not forget the havoc, pain, and destruction that I have had dwell within me. As time has passed do not forget the once white façade I used to revel in. The marble that has been stripped away from me has left its mark behind -like a soldier being stripped of his medals and honor. The people that have carried out these events and others like them have caused the true ruins. They have cut down others –those that were fashioned in the same image-and for what reason? You may not see it now but the blood shed upon these floors still haunt me and the memory of those lost people are part of the ruin that maintains my character. Those that had once passed through these arches no longer exist- but I carry the memory of them with me so that I can tell you of their story of their joys and suffering- so that you can make your own choices and come to better understand what life was like in another time.”

        Just as in meeting any celebrity we must remember that they too have their shares of ups and downs. As it says in The Smiles of Rome, “the Eternal City is the place to begin an investigation into the feelings of pleasure and fear which ruins suggest,” we can come to terms with what we see sprawled before us. We may not immediately know how to respond to what we encounter but we must be willing to be open to all sides of what it has to offer. Then as we can begin to see clearly from the haze of amazement we can come to appreciate the ruins and history before us(regardless of why we are here in Italy) and use that in our own stories that we will leave behind – the story that someone else will find and make a part of them.